Abstract
This article explores the history of Ruqyah, tracing its origins and evolution in the context of Islamic spiritual healing. The article discusses the roots of Ruqyah in ancient cultures and its subsequent incorporation into Islamic traditions, analysing key figures, texts, and significant events that have shaped its development. Furthermore, this paper examines the cultural, social, and religious significance of Ruqyah and assesses its contemporary relevance and application in the field of spiritual healing.
Introduction
Throughout history, various cultures and civilisations have practised rituals and ceremonies to address ailments and afflictions believed to stem from supernatural forces. One such ancient practice that has endured the test of time is Ruqyah, a spiritual healing method deeply rooted in Islamic tradition. Ruqyah, which involves the recitation of specific verses from the Quran and supplications, is believed to possess the power to heal physical, psychological, and spiritual maladies by seeking protection and blessings from the divine.
This comprehensive study delves into the fascinating journey of Ruqyah, tracing its origins in the early days of Islam and exploring how it has evolved over the centuries through cultural assimilation and regional variations. From its earliest mentions in the Quran and Hadith to its integration with local customs in different parts of the world, we unravel the rich tapestry of Ruqyah's development.
Furthermore, this exploration seeks to shed light on the diverse traditions and methodologies that have emerged around Ruqyah in various Muslim communities globally. Delving into the multifaceted practises of Ruqyah; we uncover the variations in recitations, invocations, and symbolic rituals that have become integral to this age-old healing technique.
Beyond the realm of tradition, we also examine the contemporary significance of Ruqyah in the modern world. As societies embrace technological advancements and increasingly diverse belief systems, we investigate how Ruqyah navigates the challenges of the present era and continues to resonate with individuals seeking spiritual solace and healing. Additionally, we analyse the role of modern scholars and practitioners in upholding and adapting this ancient practice to address the needs of the current generation.
Background
The practice of Ruqyah has its roots in ancient Arabian beliefs and pre-Islamic healing practices. In the pre-Islamic era, the Arabs sought protection from afflictions and supernatural beings through various rituals, amulets, and incantations (Al-Awadi, 2013). These practices were deeply ingrained in the cultural fabric of the Arabian Peninsula and were often associated with tribal customs and traditions.
With the advent of Islam in the 7th century CE, the approach to spiritual healing transformed. Islam introduced a monotheistic worldview where belief in one God, Allah, was central to all aspects of life, including healing. Ruqyah, as a form of spiritual healing, became aligned with Islamic teachings, incorporating Quranic verses and supplications in its practice (Abu Dawud, Book 28, Hadith 3883).
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) played a pivotal role in establishing the legitimacy of Ruqyah as a permissible form of healing within the Islamic framework. He practised Ruqyah for healing and protection and taught his companions the appropriate supplications and recitations (Bukhari, Book 71, Hadith 633). As a result, the practice of Ruqyah became intertwined with the early Islamic community's daily life, extending its reach beyond the Arabian Peninsula to other regions conquered during the Islamic expansion.
The Quran, as the central religious text in Islam, played a fundamental role in shaping the practice of Ruqyah. Specific verses were identified for their healing properties and were recited during Ruqyah sessions. The belief in the Quran's divine power and its ability to cure ailments became a fundamental aspect of the Ruqyah practice (Ghoname, 2005).
As Islam spread to different regions, Ruqyah assimilated local beliefs and customs, adapting to the cultural context of each community. In Africa, for instance, Ruqyah incorporated elements of indigenous spiritual practices, leading to a syncretic form of healing known as African Islamic Healing (Hecker, 2014). Similarly, in South Asia, Ruqyah blended with traditional South Asian healing methods and rituals (Aziz, 2008).
Throughout history, Ruqyah also faced challenges from those who criticised its practice, fearing potential misuse or misunderstanding. Scholars engaged in extensive debates on the proper methodologies and the limits of Ruqyah, ensuring that it remained aligned with Islamic teachings (Ibn Qudamah, 2012).
In the contemporary era, Ruqyah has faced both continued adherence to its traditional practises and adaptation to modern realities. It has become a widespread resource for Muslims seeking healing from various afflictions, including physical illnesses, emotional distress, and spiritual struggles (Al-Shehri, 2017). Despite the advancements in medical science, many Muslims still turn to Ruqyah as a complement to conventional healthcare, emphasising the integration of both spiritual and medical approaches to holistic well-being.
Conclusion:
The history of Ruqyah is a captivating journey through time, tracing its origins from pre-Islamic Arabia to its contemporary relevance in the modern world. This spiritual healing method, deeply rooted in Islamic tradition, has evolved over centuries, incorporating diverse cultural influences and regional variations.
Ruqyah's integration with Islamic teachings and its endorsement by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) played a crucial role in establishing its legitimacy within the Islamic framework. The Quran, with its healing verses, became a central component of Ruqyah, reinforcing the belief in its divine power to cure ailments.
Throughout its history, Ruqyah has adapted to different cultural contexts, resulting in various traditions and methodologies that reflect the rich tapestry of Muslim communities worldwide. It blended with indigenous practices in Africa, South Asia, and other regions, showcasing its flexibility and ability to resonate with diverse populations.
Despite the challenges and debates it has faced, Ruqyah continues to thrive in the contemporary world. In an era marked by technological advancements and evolving belief systems, Ruqyah remains a source of spiritual solace and healing for many. It complements conventional healthcare approaches, emphasising the importance of holistic well-being that encompasses both the physical and spiritual aspects of health.
As we reflect on the history and evolution of Ruqyah, we gain a deeper appreciation for its enduring influence on the lives of countless individuals seeking healing and connection with the divine. It serves as a testament to the resilience and adaptability of ancient traditions in a rapidly changing world, reminding us of the timeless quest for spiritual well-being and inner peace.
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Updated: 25/11/2023
